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Glossary
Terms |
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A
Adipose tissue (add-ih-POS-e) Fat tissue
in the body.
Atherosclerosis A type of "hardening
of the arteries" in which cholesterol, fat, and other
blood components build up on the inner lining of arteries.
As atherosclerosis progresses, the arteries to the heart
may narrow so that oxygen-rich blood and nutrients have
difficulty reaching the heart.
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B
Bariatric Surgery (bear-ee-AT-ric) Surgery
on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with
extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss
method used for people who have a body mass index (BMI)
above 40. Surgery may also be an option for people with
a BMI between 35 and 40 who have health problems like heart
disease or type 2 diabetes.
Bioelectrical
Impedance Analysis (BIA) (im-PEE-dance) A way to
estimate the amount of body weight that is fat and nonfat.
Nonfat weight comes from bone, muscle, body water, organs,
and other body tissues. BIA works by measuring how difficult
it is for a harmless electrical current to move through
the body. The more fat a person has, the harder it is for
electricity to flow through the body. The less fat a person
has, the easier it is for electricity to flow through the
body. By measuring the flow of electricity, one can estimate
body fat percent.
Body Mass Index (BMI) A measure
of body weight relative to height. BMI can be used to determine
if people are at a healthy weight, overweight, or obese.
A body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 up to 25 refers to a healthy
weight, a BMI of 25 up to 30 refers to overweight and a
BMI of 30 or higher refers to obese.
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C
Calorie (CAL-or-ee) A unit of energy in
food. Foods have carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Some
beverages have alcohol. Carbohydrates have 4 calories per
gram. Proteins have 4 calories per gram. Alcohol has 7 calories
per gram. Fat has 9 calories per gram.
Carbohydrate
(kar-bow-HIGH-drate) A major source of energy in
the diet. There are two kinds of carbohydrates -@ simple
carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates
are sugars and complex carbohydrates include both starches
and fiber. Carbohydrates have 4 calories per gram. In nature,
both the simple sugars and the complex starches come packaged
in foods like oranges, apples, corn, wheat, and milk. Refined
or processed carbohydrates are found in cookies, cakes,
and pies.
Complex
Carbohydrate Starch and fiber. Complex carbohydrate
comes from plants. When complex carbohydrate is substituted
for saturated fat, the saturated fat reduction helps lower
blood cholesterol. Foods high in starch include breads,
cereals, pasts, rice, dried beans and peas, corn, and lima
beans.
Cholesterol
(ko-LES-te-rol) A fat-like substance that is made
by the body and is found naturally in animal foods such
as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Foods
high in cholesterol include liver and organ meats, egg yolks,
and dairy fats. Cholesterol is carried in the blood. When
cholesterol levels are too high, some of the cholesterol
is deposited on the walls of the blood vessels. Over time,
the deposits can build up causing the blood vessels to narrow
and blood flow to decrease. The cholesterol in food, like
saturated fat, tends to raise blood cholesterol, which increases
the risk for heart disease. Total blood cholesterol levels
above 240 mg/dl are considered high. Levels between 200-239
mg/dl are considered borderline high. Levels under 200 mg/dl
are considered desirable.
Blood
Cholesterol - Cholesterol that is manufactured
in the liver and absorbed from the food you eat and is carried
in the blood for use by all parts of the body. A high level
of blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis and coronary
heart disease.
Dietary
Cholesterol - Cholesterol that is in the food you
eat. It is present only in foods of animal origin, not in
foods of plant origin. Dietary cholesterol, like saturated
fat, tends to raise blood cholesterol, which increases the
risk for heart disease.
Coronary
Heart Disease Heart ailment caused by narrowing
of the coronary arteries (arteries that supply oxygen and
nutrients directly to the heart muscle). Coronary heart
disease is caused by atherosclerosis, which decreases the
blood supply to the heart muscle. The inadequate supply
of oxygen-rich blood and nutrients may damage the heart
muscle and can lead to chest pain, heart attack, and death.
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D
Diabetes Mellitus (dye-uh-BEE-teez) A disease that
occurs when the body is not able to use blood glucose (sugar).
Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin, a hormone
in the body that helps move glucose (sugar) from the blood
to muscles and other tissues. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas
does not make enough insulin or the body does not respond
to the insulin that is made. There are two main types of
diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
[See definitions]
Diet
What a person eats and drinks. Any type of eating
plan.
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Quantity
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Now
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